Two Kinds of Knowing

The 'is this everything?' question lives on the border between what a model memorized and what it can look up. Here's how to read that border.

Aug 5 • Pasha

Grade a Long AI Answer on What It Left Out, Not Just What It Got Wrong

The usual fact-check only asks whether each claim is true (precision). SAFE adds the other half, whether the answer included everything it should have…

Aug 4 • Pasha

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July 2026

Teach an AI to Say "I Don't Know" — and Mean It

Models are trained to always answer. R-Tuning teaches a model the edge of its own memory, so it refuses instead.

Jul 29 • Pasha

When an AI’s Memory and Its Sources Disagree, Which Wins?

Looking things up doesn't automatically help. Retrieved documents can be wrong, and can clash with what the model already knows. Astute RAG weighs both…

Jul 28 • Pasha

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Make AI Answer the Right Questions, and Show Its Work

Decide the questions a good answer must cover, then make the AI write one sourced sentence for each.

Jul 4 • Pasha

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The Backlash Is Hype Too

Everyone learned to doubt the salesmen. Almost nobody learned to doubt the doubters.

Jul 3 • Pasha

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Give an AI the Right Amount of Information, Not the Most.

Give an AI too little and it guesses; too much and the fact you needed gets buried in the middle.

Jul 2 • Pasha

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A Better Way to Ask "Is This AI Answer Accurate?"

FActScore swaps the thumbs up or thumbs down for a precise score, by breaking answers into atomic facts.

Jul 2 • Pasha

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March 2026

A Verification Toolkit

Practical strategies for fact-checking AI, spotting hallucinations, and managing the "overconfident intern."

Mar 23 • Pasha

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When It Actually Matters: Why AI Confidently Fails at Work

Decoding AI hallucinations, the danger of the 'trust trap,' and why the blind handoff will cost you.

Mar 5 • Pasha

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January 2026

Too Polished to Doubt

A multi-part series on how AI's confidence is outpacing our skepticism

Jan 27 • Pasha

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The barrier to entry is simply not knowing how to start

Making the most of the 14 years you'll spend working

Jan 9 • Pasha

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